The God Culture: 100 Lies About the Philippines: #14 Tome Pires Equates the Lequios and Lucoes

Welcome back to 100 lies the God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie once again concerns the identification of the Lequios and Lucoes. Last time we looked at Timothy Jay Schwab's misunderstanding of Pigafetta's journal.  Today we will look at his ignorance of Tome Pires' Summa Oriental.

Even though Tim does use Tome Pires as a source he does not have much to say about what he writes. 

The Lequios of Luzon: Key to Finding Ophir and Chryse. Clue #52

18:31 Tome Pires writes The Leqouis bring swords worth thirty cruzados each  and many of these. Many. Cool. It appears a cruzado is equal to that of a Spanish ducat. 30 ducats in today's value in gold would be about 4,500 US dollars. This is a serious sword and a serious amount of money and they had many of them? Wow. One must wonder if maybe these swords are gold plated perhaps like the daggers of the Ophirians.

The Lequios of Luzon: Key to Finding Ophir and Chryse. Clue #52

19:35 The island of Japan according to what all the Chinese say is larger than that of the LUCOES. Japan's largest island by the way, Honshu, is more  than twice as large as Luzon the largest island in the Philippines so that does fit. They do not often  trade in China because it is far off and they have no junks. What? They have no junks. Doesn't mean they don't have ships but they don't have junk ships but that's a key because junk ships are associated with the LUCOES  often in these quotes in court even Pigafetta as we shared  already. Nor are they seafaring men. See Lequois have junks and they are seafaring men. Japan is not. The Leqouis, LUCOES, go to Japan in seven or eight days and take the said merchandise and trade it  for copper, gold and copper. Now, again, two resources that fit the Philippines and also the trip in days also fits the trip from the Philippines. So very reasonable that all of this comes together and this just affirms everything else we've covered.

When Tim is reading from Tome Pires several times he says Lucoes instead of Lequios. He is reading his own interpretation into the text. In his book Solomon's Treasure Tim only cites Pires twice. 

The Search for King Solomon's Treasure, pg. 162

In fact, Japan is recorded as having “no junks” and are not Lequios according to Tome Pires [166]

The Search for King Solomon's Treasure, pg. 165-166

This word Lequios or Lucoes became a general term used by many for Luzon Island thus, not a mystery to history in the slightest but only to the British it appears as Portugal, France and India certainly knew.

“Called Philippines “Lucoes” from its largest and north western-most island–Luzon.” – Pyrard De Laval, French (1578-1623) [166] Indians referred to the biggest island as “Lucon.” [166]

In 1545, a Portuguese, Pero Fidalgo referred to Philippines as “Lucoes” [166] –Tome Pires

It's not true that Lequios became a general term for Luzon Island. As I have established in the article about Ferdinand Pinto the Lequios islands were known and charted at 29 North. The problem is Tim continues to conflate the two words and people groups Lequios and Lucoes. These two citations are the only references to Tome Pires in Tim's book. Here is the exact source he uses.

That is unbelievable. Tim cites from page 131 about Japan and from the footnotes on pages 133-134. Why didn't he cite anything from the chapters on the Lequios and the Lucoes?  Tome Pires has two chapters devoted to each group!

Did Tim flip through this book and miss those chapters or did he decide to not mention them because they destroy his case for the Lequios and Lucoes being the same people group? Here are the two brief chapters in full.

The Lequeos are called Guores-they are known by either of these names. Lequios is the chief one. The king is a heathen and all the people too. He is a tributary vassal of the king of the Chinese. His island is large and has many people; they have small ships of their own type; they have three or four junks which are continuously buying in China, and they have no more. They trade in China and Malacca, and sometimes in company with the Chinese, sometimes on their own. In China they trade in the port of Foqem which is in the land of China near Canton—a day and a night's sail away. The Malays say to the people of Malacca that there is no difference between Portuguese and Llequjos, except that the Portuguese buy women, which the Lequos do not. 

The Lequjos have only wheat in their country, and rice and wines after their fashion, meat, and fish in great abundance. They are great draftsmen and armourers. They make gilt coffers, very rich and well-made fans, swords, many arms of all kinds after their fashion. Just as we in our kingdoms speak of Milan, so do the Chinese and all the other races speak of the Lequjos. They are very truthful men. They do not buy slaves, nor would they sell one of their own men for the whole world, and they would die over this. 

The Lequjos are idolators; if they are sailing and find themselves in danger, they say that if they escape they buy a beautiful maiden to be sacrificed and behead her on the prow of the junk, and other things like these. They are white men, well dressed, better than the Chinese, more dignified. They sail to China and take the merchandise that goes from Malacca to China, and go to Japan, which is an island seven or eight days' sail distant, and take the gold and copper in the said island in exchange for their merchandise. The Leqios are men who sell their merchandise freely for credit, and if they are lied to when they collect payment, they collect it sword in hand.

The chief is gold, copper, and arms of all kinds, coffers, boxes (caxonjas) with gold leaf veneer, fans, wheat, and their things are well made. They bring a great deal of gold. They are truthful men—more so than the Chinese—and feared. They bring a great store of paper and silk in colours; they bring musk, porce-lain, damask; they bring onions and many vegetables. They take the same merchandise as the Chinese take. They leave here in [blank], and one, two or three junks come to Malacca every year, and they take a great deal of Bengal clothing. 

Among the Lequjos Malacca wine is greatly esteemed. They load large quantities of one kind which is like brandy, with which the Malays make themselves [so drunk as to run] amuck. The Lequjos bring swords worth thirty cruzados each, and many of these. 

Pires, pg, 128-131

That is everything Pires has to say about the Lequios. Was Luzon ever a tributary of China? Was there one king of the Ilocanos? Of course not. Here is what Pires has to say about the Lucoes.

The Lucoes are about ten days' sail beyond Borneo. They are nearly all heathen; they have no king, but they are ruled by groups of elders. They are a robust people, little thought of in Malacca. They have two or three junks, at the most. They take the merchandise to Borneo and from there they come to Malacca.

The Borneans go to the lands of the Lucoes to buy gold, and foodstuffs as well, and the gold which they bring to Malacca is from the Lucoes and from the surrounding islands which are countless; and they all have more or less trade with one another. And the gold of these islands where they trade is of a low quality —indeed very low quality. 

The Lucoes have in their country plenty of foodstuffs, and wax and honey; and they take the same merchandise from here as the Borneans take. They are almost one people; and in Malacca there is no division between them. They never used to be in Malacca as they are now; but the Tamaqua whom the Governor of India appointed here was already beginning to gather many of them together, and they were already building many houses and shops. They are a useful people; they are hard-working. 

Of this family there are now the sons of the Tumunguo and his wife in Malacca, as well as his mother-in-law, and Curia Raja and Tuam Brajy who married the Tumunguo's wife. In Minjam there must be five hundred Lucoes, some of them important men and good merchants, who want to come to Malacca, and the people of Mjjm will not grant them permission, because now they have gone over to the side of the former king of Malacca, not very openly. The people of Mjmjam are Malays.

Pires, pg. 133-134

The Lucoes do not have a king while the Lequios do. They also have gold of a very low quality. They also only have two or three junks. How much more clearer could it be that Pires differentiates these peoples? They are not the same. If Tim had bothered to do any research and actually read the Summa Oriental of Tome Pires he would know that. Instead he has used another lie to build his monumental case for the Philippines no one can disprove. 

The God Culture: 100 Lies About the Philippines: #13 Pigafetta Says the Lequios Are From Luzon

Welcome back to 100 lies the God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie concerns the identification of the Lequios and Lucoes. Because this lie is so intricately weaved I will be breaking it down into several smaller articles. The gist of it is that Timothy Jay Schwab identifies the Lequios and Lucoes people groups as being the same. They are Filipinos from Luzon.

As I showed in lie #2 Ferdinand Pinto visited the Lequios islands and charted them at 29 degrees north. That means the Lequios islands are not the Philippines but the Ryukyu Islands. However Tim teaches something completely different which needs to be broken down. The first aspect of this lie comes from Tim's total misunderstanding of Pigafetta's Journal. 

The Lequios of Luzon: Key to Finding Ophir and Chryse. Clue #52 

13:31 While in Visayas Antonio Pigafetta who traveled with Magellan, historian who chronicled everything, writes from Visayas: Towards the Northwest is the island of Luzon which is at two days distance a large island indeed. To which come to trade every year six or eight junks of the people called Lequii, Lequios, Lucoes same people it's there Pigafetta says they are in Luzon. Not in Taiwan not in Malaysia and Magellan says they are Ophir and Tarshish. Done.

15:19 So, the Lequios are from Luzon. This is settled. Magellan tells us they are Ophir and Tarshish.

Can Tim not read? At no point does Pigafetta say the Lequii or Lequios are FROM Luzon. He says they come to Luzon to trade. 

Tim gets this even more wrong in his book The Search for King Solomon's Treasure. 

However, Antonio Pigafetta tells us where the Lequios originated.

[From Visayas] “Towards the North-west is the island of Lozon, which is at two days’ distance; a large island, to which come to trade every year six or eight junks of the people called Lequii.” “...One of these junks carries as much cargo as our ships.” – Antonio Pigafetta, 1521

This clearly reads that the Lequios, who originate in Luzon, journey to Cebu regularly to trade in their six or more, large junk ships just as Pinto describes.

Solomon's Treasure, pgs. 162-163

This is totally wrong. Read carefully. He says Luzon is a large island TO WHICH the people called Lequii came to trade. He is not saying the Lequii came to Cebu from Luzon to trade. Pigafetta is not even writing from Cebu but from Butuan fifty leagues from Cebu!! He is saying that Northwest of Butuan is an island called Luzon and the Lequii came there every year to trade. Therefore the Lequii are not the Lucoes who actually do inhabit Luzon. How does Tim get this wrong except on purpose?

This is one lie among many concerning the Lequios people that Tim propounds. It is a totally false reading of Pigafetta. How did he get this wrong? Can he not read? It's not a complicated passage. 

The God Culture: 100 Lies About the Philippines: #12 Lapulapu Rejected Colonialism

 Welcome back to 100 lies The God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie concerns Timothy Jay Schwab's assertion that LapuLapu killed Magellan as a defiant act rejecting colonialism. 

This lie is a direct result of Tim's unfamiliarity with all of the primary sources regarding Magellan's voyage around the world except for Pigafetta's journal. 

https://youtu.be/130c3XUuPEs

Today is a very special day for the world. It marks the five hundredth anniversary of one of the greatest stories in the fight to stop foreign invaders from coming in and taking over our lands. Yes, the story of a man and his followers who indeed stopped the invasion, killing their leader Magellan. Then in a separate encounter killing his replacement and brother-in-law and other leaders and then they chased them out of the country with a fleet of ships. That’s what Pigafetta’s journal says, and we cover. This is an inspiration to the whole world who was being conquered by colonialism yet this man and his people put up a standard and stopped them the story of Lapu-Lapu five hundred years ago today. Wow.

Is any of that true? It's rather disgusting that Tim takes a perverse joy in the death of Magellan. What exactly does Pigafetta say? Well, you see that is the problem. Timothy relies ONLY on the account of Pigafetta. In the description of this video Tim writes:

Do you know the full story of Lapu Lapu? Have you read Antonio Pigafetta's Journal which is the only actual historic account? There are many narratives based on even rumor but the facts are clear. 

What narratives based on rumor is he talking about? In all of his videos and in his book The Search for King Solomon's Treasure Tim never mentions these narratives. Well, the fact is there are other narratives about Magellan's voyage around the world and they are not based on rumor but on the sworn testimony of the surviving crew members. They add details Pigafetta omits such as about the mutiny. He also never tells us exactly why Lapulapu got angry with Magellan.

Fernando Bustamante, the ship's barber-surgeon gave this testimony when he arrived back in Spain:

12. He said: that they killed the said Magellan in a port that they say Matan, because those of the kingdom of Matan wanted to obey the king of Castile, and the said Ferdinand of Magellan said that they had to kiss the hand of the king of Zubú, and they did not they wanted to kiss the hand of the said king of Zubu; And about this the said Magellan went there, and they killed the said captain and seven other men, and wounded other people.

Navarette Colección pg. 294-295

Peter Martyr D' Anghera interviewed the crew on their return and wrote the following in book five of De Orbe Novo:

De Orbe Novo, Vol. 2, pg 158

Leaving the ships at Zubo, Magellan crossed to the island of Matam, visible on the horizon at a distance of only four leagues. He used the shallops and the native boats dug out of tree trunks. His intention was to persuade the ruler of Matam, through his interpreters, to make his submission to the great King of Spain, and to the chief of Zubo; and to pay tribute to the former. The king answered that he was willing to obey the King of Spain, but not the chieftain of Zubo. Thereupon Magellan ordered a fortress composed of about fifty houses, near the royal residence, to be sacked and burnt. He afterwards returned to Zubo, bringing his booty, some foodstuffs which were needed there, as well as several pieces of furniture; but the inhabitants of Zubo, who were hostile to the islanders of Matam, stole the greater part from him.

The king of Matan was Lapulpau and he was not the only king who said he would give obedience to the King of Spain but did not wish to bow the knee to Humabon the King of Cebu. Juan Sebastian Elcano testified that the King of Bohol was also willing to obey the King of Spain but not Humabon.

Said Magellan went from the island of Zubu to the island of Bohol, and to the island of Matan, and invited the batels to make war with all the people so that those of the other islands would obey the King of Zubu; and they said that they would obey the King our Lord, and they would give him parias; but that they were not to obey the King of Zubu, because they were as good as him; I know that they would give gold jewels for the King our Lord.

Navarette Colección pg. 288

The following comes from Dr. Danilo Gerona who wrote a book titled, "Ferdinand Magellan, The Armada de Maluco and the European Discovery of the Philippines." This history is based on years of research and reading primary source documents tucked away in Spain before they became available online. Here is what he writes concerning this testimony.

While Magellan seemed to have used Humabon as a political ally to establish his base in Cebu as a springboard for establishing Spanish hegemony, Humabon, on the other hand had also used Magellan to coerce others to submission to his authority. As Pigafetta recalled Humabon was said to have asked Magellan: “but that if the captain would send him the following night one boat full of men to give him assistance, he would fight and subdue his rival. On the receipt of this message, the captain decided to go himself with three boats.” 

https://sulugardenfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Gerona-Battle-of-Mactan-for-Miagao-with-foreword-from-JRM-and-for-Web-FINAL.pdf

Do you see how this story is not so cut and dry? According to these three men the rest of the story is that Humabon, the King of Cebu, was using Magellan to manipulate others to be placed under his authority. He was playing political chess like those in power still do today. But Lapulapu wasn't having it. He was willing to give obedience to the Spanish Crown but not to Humabon who was his enemy. It's absolutely pathetic that this history is unknown to Timothy Jay Schwab because he relies solely on Pigafetta and calls all other eyewitness testimony rumor. It is also a testament to the fact that he is no real researcher and there is no God Culture Team.

The God Culture: 100 Lies About the Philippines: #11 The Philippines is Cattigara

Welcome back to 100 lies The God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie concerns Timothy Jay Schwab's assertion that the Philippines is Cattigara which is a place located on Ptolemy's map of the world. This lie is a direct result of Tim's unfamiliarity with all of the primary sources regarding Magellan's voyage around the world except for Pigafetta's journal. 

Tim's main and only argument for this erroneous assertion is that Antonio Pigafetta recorded that they set a course for that place and landed at Samar in the Philippines. Thus all other claims are bogus.

Cattigara, Philippines. Finding the Land of Gold. Solomon's Gold Series 15C. 

18:31 So, as you see on the map here Magellan is headed not just to the Philippines but very specifically to between the 12th and 13th degree north which is known as Samar on the map. Just look at it. There it is. Okay you know like Samaria? Yeah Columbus was going where? To meet up with the lost tribes of Israel. Who would name Samaria? Don't know. So hard to figure that out of course. Pigafetta just told us that is where Cattigara is. Done. Settled. This is fact and it's not up for debate.

Actually that is not what Pigafetta says. He says they set course for Cattigara but he never claimed that Samar is Cattigara. In fact the place is never mentioned again in the whole of his journal. Samar is also not in between the 12th and 13th degree.

Let's not forget that Tim claims Pigafetta is the only eyewitness account to Magellan's voyage.

2:00 The problem is well, they ignore history, real history, about as valid as you get such as Pigafetta's journal, the only eyewitness account of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines.

That is wrong on so many levels and reveals the total ignorance of Timothy Jay Schwab and his alleged research team. The fact is while Pigafetta's journal is an important source of information about the first voyage around the world there are other eyewitness accounts. Back in Spain the surviving crew were subject to interrogation. That testimony and a complete description of the voyage can be read at this link but it's all in Spanish. Maximilianus Transylvanus, a courtier of Emperor Charles V, actually interviewed the surviving crew members and wrote a summary of the voyage. 

Now, the book of the aforesaid Peter having disappeared, Fortune has not allowed the memory of so marvellous an enterprise to be entirely lost, inasmuch as a certain noble gentleman of Vicenza called Messer Antonio Pigafetta (who, having gone on the voyage and returned in the ship Vittoria, was made a Knight of Rhodes), wrote a very exact and full account of it in a book, one copy of which he presented to His Majesty the Emperor, and another he sent to the most Serene Mother of the most Christian King, the Lady Regent.

As this voyage may be considered marvellous, and not only unaccomplished, but even unattempted either in our age or in any previous one, I have resolved to write as truly as possible to your Reverence the course (of the expedition) and the sequence of the whole matter. I have taken care to have everything related to me most exactly by the captain and by the individual sailors who have returned with him. They have also related each separate event to Cæsar and to others with such good faith and sincerity, that they seemed not only to tell nothing fabulous themselves, but by their relation to disprove and refute all the fabulous stories which had been told by old authors. 

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_First_Voyage_Round_the_World/Letter_of_Maximilian,_the_Transylvan

In his introduction Maximilianus recognizes the importance and worth of Pigafetta's published journal and tells us that what is to follow was related to him by the surviving crew members. That is crucial for what he writes about concerning Cattigara.

When our men had set sail from Thedori, one of the ships, and that the larger one, having sprung a leak, began to make water, so that it became necessary to put back to Thedori. When the Spaniards saw that this mischief could not be remedied without great labour and much time, they agreed that the other ship should sail to the Cape of Cattigara, and afterwards through the deep as far as possible from the coast of India, lest it should be seen by the Portuguese, and until they saw the Promontory of Africa, which projects beyond the Tropic of Capricorn, and to which the Portuguese have given the name of Good Hope; and from that point the passage to Spain would be easy. But as soon as the other ship was refitted, it should direct its course through the archipelago, and that vast ocean towards the shores of the continent which we mentioned before, till it found that coast which was in the neighbourhood of Darien, and where the southern sea was separated from the western, in which are the Spanish Islands, by a very narrow space of land. So the ship sailed again from Thedori, and, having gone twelve degrees on the other side of the equinoctial line, they did not find the Cape of Cattigara, which Ptolemy supposed to extend even beyond the equinoctial line; but when they had traversed an immense space of sea, they came to the Cape of Good Hope and afterwards to the Islands of the Hesperides.

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_First_Voyage_Round_the_World/Letter_of_Maximilian,_the_Transylvan

At this point in the voyage it is December 1521 and the crew are on the island of Tidore which is in the Moluccas. One of the ships springs a leak but it cannot be fixed. The other ship is told to press ahead to the Cape of Cattigara but they are never able to find it. 

There you go. Simple as that. Neither Pigafetta nor the surviving crew members claim Samar is the Cape of Cattigara or that they ever found its actual location. There is more to this story as those who listened to the testimony of these men decided that Gilolo island in the Moluccas was Cattigara.

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miun.afk2830.0001.001&view=1up&seq=219&skin=2021

Item: it can not be denied that the island of Gilolo, lying near the Maluco Islands, is the cape of Catigara, inasmuch as the companions of Magallanes journeyed westward upon leaving the strait discovered in fifty-four degrees of south latitude, sailing such a distance west and northeast that they arrived in twelve degrees of north latitude where were found certain islands, and one entrance to them. Then running southward four hundred leagues, they passed the Maluco islands and the coast of the island of Gilolo, without finding any cape on it. Then they took their course toward the Cabo Buena Esperanza [Good Hope] for Spain. Therefore then the cape of Catigara can only be the said island of Gilolo and the Malucos.

Are these men, who were well acquainted with the testimony of the entire crew dunderheads and ninny's who ignored actual history? Of course not. 

Tim ends this video by maligning Scottish Physician and writer John Caverhill.

37:10 John Caverhill deduced in 1767, before this map was created, that's why we want to cover this, that Cattigara was the Mekong Delta. Okay, so, we're talking about essentially Vietnam, okay. So he deduced? Is that an accurate word? Not even remotely. Is that what you call a ridiculous guess founded on nothing but ignorance? You mean he ignores Magellan? You know the actual explorer who found and corrected the course to Cattigara in writing and then he tries to figure it out? But well he's an idiot who ignores history then claims to be an historian. Ta-dah. Enough of this stupidity

Then in a faux retard voice he says:

I be academic so I forget the explorer who landed on Cattigara who left actual coordinates. Uh, no. I'm gonna throw that out and just make up my own location because, well, that's academic.

I agree. Enough of this stupidity. Neither Pigafetta nor the rest of Magellan's crew claim they ever landed on or found Cattigarra. The Philippines is not Cattigara. 

The God Culture: 100 Lies About The Philippines: #10 Pigafetta is the Only Eyewitness to Magellan's Journey

Welcome back to 100 lies The God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie concerns Timothy Jay Schwab's claim that Pigafetta's journal is the only eyewitness account to Magellan's arrival in the Philippines. 

This lie leads Tim into several major errors as we shall see in future articles. 

Cattigara, Philippines. Finding the Land of Gold. Solomon's Gold Series 15C.

2:00 The problem is well, they ignore history, real history, about as valid as you get such as Pigafetta's journal, the only eyewitness account of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines. That would be a DUH!

That is wrong on so many levels and reveals the total ignorance of Timothy Jay Schwab and his alleged research team. It is once more confirmation that there is no research team and that Tim is acting all on his own. The fact is while Pigafetta's journal is a main source of information about the first voyage around the world there are other eyewitness accounts. Does Tim even know that Pigafetta omitted crucial information about the attempted mutiny in South America? 

Volume one of Blair and Robertson's The Philippine Islands gives a brief resumé of these eyewitness accounts to Magellan's voyage.

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miun.afk2830.0001.001&view=1up&seq=259&skin=2021&q1=resume

That testimony and a complete description of the voyage can be read in volume 4 of the Colección de los viages y descubrimientos. 

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=jccLAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

However, this material is only available in Spanish. 

In the May 1st, 1971 issue of the Hispanic American Historical Review Martin Torodash gives an excellent summary and overview of all the available contemporary and primary sources regarding Magellan and his voyage. He begins by stating:

The Magellan historiographer must commence his research with Navarrete in whose Colección, especially the fourth volume, primary source material is contained in abundance. Hundreds of documents concerning discoveries by Spaniards in both the Atlantic and Pacific make this work absolutely indispensable, the very basis of modern historical writing on the discovery period.

https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/51/2/313/152610/Magellan-Historiography

No where in his books or videos does Tim reference this collection of documents and it's a good bet Tim is not proficient enough in Spanish to read any of its contents. Once again we see he is a very poor researcher who neglects foundational and vital information through ignorance and deceit.

Back in Spain the surviving crew were subject to interrogation. Maximilianus Transylvanus, a courtier of Emperor Charles V, actually interviewed the surviving crew members and wrote a summary of the voyage. 

Now, the book of the aforesaid Peter having disappeared, Fortune has not allowed the memory of so marvellous an enterprise to be entirely lost, inasmuch as a certain noble gentleman of Vicenza called Messer Antonio Pigafetta (who, having gone on the voyage and returned in the ship Vittoria, was made a Knight of Rhodes), wrote a very exact and full account of it in a book, one copy of which he presented to His Majesty the Emperor, and another he sent to the most Serene Mother of the most Christian King, the Lady Regent.

As this voyage may be considered marvellous, and not only unaccomplished, but even unattempted either in our age or in any previous one, I have resolved to write as truly as possible to your Reverence the course (of the expedition) and the sequence of the whole matter. I have taken care to have everything related to me most exactly by the captain and by the individual sailors who have returned with him. They have also related each separate event to Cæsar and to others with such good faith and sincerity, that they seemed not only to tell nothing fabulous themselves, but by their relation to disprove and refute all the fabulous stories which had been told by old authors. 

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_First_Voyage_Round_the_World/Letter_of_Maximilian,_the_Transylvan

In his introduction Maximilianus recognizes the importance and worth of Pigafetta's published journal and tells us that what is to follow was related to him by the surviving crew members.

Another writer who interviewed surviving crew members was Peter Martyr d'Anghiera. He writes about Magellan's voyage in the fifth decade of his book De Orbo Novo.

De Orbo Novo, Vol 2, pg 159

I have asked those who returned to Spain, and especially a young Genoese, Martin de Judicis, who witnessed all these events, what crime provoked the King of Zubo to commit this vile action; the Spaniards think it was on account of women, for the islanders are jealous.

Tim uses two sources for Pigafetta and BOTH include multiple accounts of Magellan's voyage. The first source Tim uses is The First Voyage Around the World by Lord Stanley of Alderley.

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_First_Voyage_Round_the_World

This book has ten contemporary accounts of Magellan's voyage.

The second source Tim uses is Charles Nowell's Magellan's Voyage Around the World: Three Contemporary Accounts. It's right there in the title!  

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822013755558&view=1up&seq=9

Keep in mind that Tim tries to pass himself off as some great researcher who has done more true actual research on the Philippines than actual Philippines scholars yet here we see he ignores what is right under his nose. That is not the work of an honest man nor is it the work of a team. He passes by all these contemporary accounts of Magellan's voyage and sticks only with Pigafetta because they do not further his false history of the Philippines. As I noted at the beginning of this article this ignorance will lead him into several errors.

The God Culture: More Awful "Research"

At this point I have written almost 100 articles analyzing the so-called research of Timothy Jay Schwab of The God Culture. From all I have seen there is no way The God Culture can be a team. If they are they are certainly awful and have no idea how to do actual research. Here is another glaring instance of this incredibly poor "research" from Timothy Jay Schwab and his alleged team.

The Search for King Solomon's Treasure Sourcebook, pg. 148

Nowell's source is out of print but the University of Illinois and University of Michigan allow Limited Search of v. 31 through Hathi Trust Digital Library of the text only of this publishing which affirms on P. 438 the words Nowell is quoting. Here are examples: (https://catalog.hathitrustorg/Record/000681729) 

Now, what is going on here you may ask? Tim is citing Charles Nowell who writes:

Magellan digested Barbosa's work and with his own hand rewrote one passage, which consisted of a list of places between the Cape of Good Hope and the Lequios that were known but not yet occupied by the Portuguese. Magellan's version substitutes for Barbosa's "Lequios" the words "Tarsis" and "Ofir." 

Tim wants to check up on Nowell's source for this claim that Magellan changed Barbosa's book and substituted Tarsis and Ofir for Leqouis. That source is:

29. Denuce, "Les Iles Lequois (Formose et Riu•Kiu) et Ophir," Bulletin de la Societd Royale Beige de Giographie, XXXI, 1907, 438. 

Tim correctly notes that the source is out of print but instead of exhausting all means to find it he relies on Hathi Trust which allows a limited word search of this document.

What is this supposed to prove anyway? That the words Tarsis, Ofir, Magellan, and Barbosa appear in this article? So what? What about the substance of the article? 

With a few clicks of the mouse I found this article in under five minutes.

https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=gS4yAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA435&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false

Roughly, that translates as:

The author of the archive inventory assigns the document the date of 1520-1530, without examining whether there could be any direct relationship between the different pieces contained in the bundle, among others with the Magellan manuscript. Now, the anonymous memoir is nothing more than a fragment of the book of Od. Barbosa, relating to the Far East. The arrangement which the author has adopted in his description differs slightly from that admitted to us given above according to the edition of the Book published by the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon

Sumatra, Cumda, Java major, Java minor, Timor, Vendant, Meluq, China, Tarais, Ofir.

That paragraph cannot be fully understood without reading the previous two pages. I did that but I am not going to print that here. I am not going to do Tim's research for him. In this day and age of artificial intelligence it is incredibly easy to use OCR to translate a book into English. 

Now, there is a lot more in this article about the Lequios islands and thier location.

But as I said I am not about to do Tim's research for him. What is important to point out here is that Tim constantly claims he is part of a research team and has done more real research than actual scholars. Yet we see right here he could not even do the proper research to pull up this article. He is not unaware of the Archive or Google Books yet here we see he was unable to find the actual article to make his case. It's not as if the article does prove his case but still the fact remains Tim's research skills are poor.

There is no way The God Culture is a team. The amount of mistakes which are made on a regular basis prove this out. This article is just more evidence that The God Culture is Timothy Jay Schwab alone.

The God Culture: The Holy Spirit Challenge

In part 12 of The God Culture's Restoring Creation series Timothy Jay Schwab issued a challenge to show him a single verse saying that the Holy Spirit is a creator. 

Restoring Creation: Part 12: Who Is Elohim? Gen. 1:1 Understood. First Day.

37:36 So, in the beginning Elohim created the heavens and the Earth. That Elohim is two, the father and the Son. Again, Holy Spirit's there but there's no scripture that ever attributes the Holy Spirit as a Creator. It's just not there. You can try to add it. You can try to say, you know, it's equated in some context somewhere. That's fine go ahead and do that but we don't, uh, we just don't placate those kinds of thinkings. We, we go with what the Bible says. Uh, so that's not his role. It just isn't, uh, in scripture. Uh, if it was His role then show us the scripture. Well you won't because it's not there.

Challenge met and accepted. Here is one verse that tells us God created the host of the Heavens by his Spirit.

The word translated breath is Ruach. That means this is the Holy Spirit. 

https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/psa/33/6/t_conc_511006

End of story. But likely not because Tim is a hard hearted heretic who has evasions for everything even going so far as to say that the Holy Spirt is not actually eternal meaning without beginning.

Restoring Creation: Part 9: Is Darkness Evil? Or Good?

6:48 When you see the word eternal that does not mean they don't have a beginning understand that as well our spirits are eternal, right? But most certainly have a beginning. We were created, right? Angels are eternal but they have a creation point we're actually gonna cover that very clearly on the first day. Uh, it's just not there uh, you know so trying to take, again, a word, uh, out of its own definition, eternal doesn't mean they've lived forever it means they will live forever, umm it does not mean they don't have a beginning. So, they see that word eternal, uh, used in terms of the Ruach and then they assume Oh that means the Holy Spirt is also from before creation, right? Well actually no. No, it doesn't mean that and it doesn't say that.    

Can you hear what Tim is saying? He is saying the Holy Spirit, the Ruach Elohim, is a CREATION! He had a beginning. He is not eternal God. This is a direct response to a video I made contrasting Tim's doctrine that the Holy Spirt is not without beginning to what the Bible says in Hebrews 9:14.  

Contrary to this blasphemous teaching which denies the Holy Spirit is without beginning the Greek word translated eternal means exactly that!

https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/g166/kjv/tr/0-1/

How will Tim get out of this one? We shall see in full in his upcoming series about the Holy Spirit. 

The God Culture: Jesus Christ is Not Our Passover Lamb

It is no secret that Timothy Jay Schwab who is The God Culture teaches that the Book of Jubilees is sacred scripture. The problem with that book is that it exalts the law as God's highest revelation and wrongly tells us that the Patriarchs were celebrating the feasts spelled out in the Mosaic law. What happens then is that the meaning of the feasts (Passover, Unleavened Bread, Firstfruits, Pentecost, Trumpets, Atonement, and Tabernacles) are no longer rooted in the Exodus and lose all their Christological significance as well. Case in point is Tim's teaching about the first day of unleavened bread where he says in no uncertain terms that the meaning of Jesus Christ's crucifixion is rooted in the sacrifice of Isaac and not the Feast of Passover. That means Jesus Christ is not our Passover lamb sacrificed for us.

The Miraculous First Day of Unleavened Bread. Far More Than We Are Taught. This Is Awesome!!!

46:44 Messiah didn't follow the timeline of the Passover Lamb either, many bring that up, he followed the Covenant timeline set in the sacrifice to be of Isaac the son of Covenant. Isaac was offered, of course the angel stopped Abraham, but Abraham in his heart placed Yahuah above his own son. This is exactly what Yahusha is repeating in timeline not the Passover Lamb in that sense. It's about the Covenant.

49:16 He was not crucified with the Passover Lamb. That's nonsense. He was with Isaac's sacrifice.

53:06  There's no logic to him being crucified on Passover, uh, itself which is an evening event and that's just this nonsense. Uh, he would not because, at the bottom on the 15th, uh, that is the same time frame that Isaac was to be sacrificed.

That is absolute unbiblical heresy. The Bible tells us quite plainly that Jesus Christ is the lamb who taketh away the sins of the world and that he is our Passover sacrificed for us. 

At no point in the Bible do we find the death and birth of Christ tied to the birth and death of Isaac. Yes Isaac is a type of Christ as are Joseph, Noah, David, Solomon, and Adam but the meaning of Christ's death is to be found in the Passover and the Passover is rooted in the Exodus and not in anytime previous. Jesus shed his blood on the cross and he leads us out of bondage and into freedom just as the Israelites were saved by the blood on the door posts and lead out of Egypt to the promised land.

What bondage and freedom is that?  Galatians tells us quite plainly the bondage of the law and the freedom of Christ.

Now, there is a lot more nonsense in this latest video from Timothy Jay Schwab who is The God Culture but the main point is covered. Because he uses the Book of Jubilees as Scripture Tim denies that Jesus Christ is our Passover Lamb who has been sacrificed for us. This blasphemy and denial of the plain truth of the Bible is what you get when you introduce nonsense like Jubilees as Scripture. 

The God Culture: 100 Lies About The Philippines: #9 The Philippines is Antilia

Welcome back to 100 lies The God Culture teaches about the Philippines. Today's lie once again concerns Martin Behaim's 1492 Erdapfel globe. Timothy Jay Schwab uses this map to "prove" that it shows the Philippines is the legendary island of Antilia. It's obviously wrong and ridiculous. Let's jump right in.

The Island of Antilia has NOTHING to do with the Philippines. Tim cites the Wikipedia entry for this island in his video but he neglects to mention the origin of the legend of this island.

It originates from an old Iberian legend, set during the Muslim conquest of Hispania c. 714. Seeking to flee from the Muslim conquerors, seven Christian Visigothic bishops embarked with their flocks on ships and set sail westwards into the Atlantic Ocean, eventually landing on an island (Antilha) where they founded seven settlements.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antillia

Spanish Christians fleeing Muslim invaders set up a colony on the island of Antilia. That should be the end of the story but because Tim bloviates for an hour I shall have to press on and show his outright mendaciousness. It should be noted that in this video he makes absolutely no reference to this legend except to claim that one guy says its origin is Arabic. 

The Famed Isle of Antilia: The Land Before Time in the Philippines. Solomon's Gold Series: Part 15A

41:39 Another theory famously forwarded by Alexander von Humboldt, whoever he was, not famous as far as we concerned, is that is comes from the Arabic. Oh, really? Cus this isn't an Arabic legend in any sense, so stupid, but let's read it.

That is not an oversight. That is lying! In fact he says the origins of the legend of Antilia extend back to the oldest story of mankind. 

The Famed Isle of Antilia: The Land Before Time in the Philippines. Solomon's Gold Series: Part 15A

8:26 In about thirty years later the explorations of the Portuguese already even uh, prior, uh, Ophir, Chryse in Greek, Argyre in Greek is Trashish, uh, in Hebrew for silver, were found, by Magellan. You will find Antilia right there with them becasue that then disasters into oblivion and now it's called well fiction. Well no it never was. The legend has basis in the oldest story of mankind, the greatest history and leads to the land of creation itself, you're going to see.

As you can see he ignores the actual source of the legend of the isle of Antilia for his own fiction regarding the Philippines which he calls the land of creation. 

Tim further bolsters his claims by employing a faulty etymology that on this map the island labelled Thilis is Antilia. They sound similar to him so that means they are the same place.

The Famed Isle of Antilia: The Land Before Time in the Philippines. Solomon's Gold Series: Part 15A

32:50 Then there is the Isle of Pearl here known as Thilis. Sound familiar? Thilis, Antilia, Anthilis. Hmmm? How about that? Columbus used the name Antilles. Antilis. Anthilis. There you go. No, they didn't put that together back then but that's what it is. Thilis is Antilas, Antilia. That just fits like a glove and you're gonna see why.

1:03:35 What can we say about Antilia? Well, it is a match to the ancient Thilis, a reference to the Philippines even on the 1492 Behaim globe commissioned by the Portuguese government.

That is so wrong it's unbelievable. There is no way Tim could get this wrong unless he did it intentionally.  Here is Antilia as drawn on the Behaim map.

https://i.imgur.com/oxJn6cX.jpg

Antilia is the green island just near the middle of the picture. Compare that with what Tim claims is Antilia on the same map!

The Famed Isle of Antilia: The Land Before Time in the Philippines. Solomon's Gold Series: Part 15A

The Behaim map even has a description of Antilia which Tim declines to relate.

The legend, in this form, is told in various places. The principal source is an inscription on Martin Behaim's 1492 Nuremberg globe which reads (in English translation):

In the year 734 after the birth of Christ, when all Spain was overrun by the miscreants of Africa, this Island of Antillia, called also the Isle of the Seven Cities, was peopled by the Archbishop of Porto with six other bishops, and certain companions, male and female, who fled from Spain with their cattle and property. In the year 1414, a Spanish ship approached very near this Island.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antillia

When interpreted correctly Martin Behaim's map, which was commissioned by the City of Nuremberg in Germany and not the Portuguese, does not prove any of the nonsense Tim claims it does. Believe me when I tell you there is so much nonsense in this video but the main point, Tim's claim that Antilia has anything to do with the Philippines, has been demolished so it's time to move on to the next lie The God Culture teaches about the Philippines.